疾病自然疗法

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婴儿腹绞痛自然疗法

婴儿腹绞痛 (Colic) 是指在没有器质性疾病的情况下婴儿过度啼哭(通常安慰无效),每次至少3小时,每周至少3天,持续至少3周。同时伴随有膝盖蜷向腹部、腹部紧张膨隆、大量胀气等症状。婴儿腹绞痛通常在夜间发作。一般婴儿到4-5个月大的时候就会自然消失。

婴儿腹绞痛

腹绞痛的婴儿会让父母心身疲惫和情绪受挫,因此可能招致“身体上的虐待”。另外,父母亲可能感到气愤和无能为力,这可能导致与孩子的感情不够亲密,使得孩子在长大的过程中可能出现行为问题。

虽然目前有很多理论,但医生还不完全清楚导致腹绞痛的真正原因。其中一个理论把消化道绞痛和胀气归因于对食物 (如牛奶蛋白) 过敏,尤其是当婴儿的消化道还不成熟时。根据这个理论,随着小孩消化道的发育成熟,腹绞痛就会自然消失。另外一个理论认为有些婴儿生性敏感,当父母不能对婴儿的需求做出及时和适当的反应时就会出现过度啼哭。还有人认为,腹绞痛其实只是正常婴儿啼哭的一种极端形式而已。

解痉镇静药物 “双环维林” 和 “盐酸双环胺” 对治疗腹绞痛似乎有效,但由于对婴幼儿有严重的副作用,故不推荐。医生有时也尝试使用能促进排气的“消胀片” 药物,但证据显示它没有什么效果。初步研究显示,一些天然疗法可能对治疗婴儿腹绞痛有效,包括:

  • 茴香子油 (Fennel seed oil):一项有125例腹绞痛婴儿参与的双盲研究给予每个婴儿安慰剂或茴香子油,剂量是每天12mg /每公斤体重。结果显示,口服茴香子油的婴儿中有大约40%症状得到明显缓解(如哭泣时间缩短,次数减少等),这大大好于对照组。
  • 茴香子

  • 改变饮食:许多研究评估了饮食中的牛奶或牛奶蛋白对婴儿腹绞痛的影响。其中大多数的研究发现:(奶粉喂养时)去除奶粉中的牛奶蛋白或者 (母乳喂养时)去除母亲饮食中的牛奶蛋白能明显改善婴儿的啼哭情况。在研究时,研究人员使用乳清或酪蛋白水解制成的低敏配方奶来代替常规奶粉。这种配方奶优于大豆配方奶 (另外一种奶粉替代品),这是因为大豆中的某些成分也可能会引起高敏儿童的过敏反应。如果去除牛乳成分后还未改善腹绞痛,有些专家建议在母乳喂养的母亲饮食中寻找和去除其他潜在的食物过敏原 (如大豆、小麦、鸡蛋等)。但是要牢记:如果哺乳母亲不吃这些食物,必须摄入其他有高营养的食物来获取足够量的钙、蛋白质以及其他营养元素。可以放心的是,绝大多数有腹绞痛的婴儿长大后能够耐受牛乳,因此不管是母亲还是孩子都没有注定一辈子不能喝牛奶。
  • 使用特殊制奶瓶:一项对照研究发现使用一种特制奶瓶,即“布朗博士流畅奶瓶” (“Dr. Brown's Natural Flow Baby Bottle”)能减少腹绞痛症状。
  • 布朗博士流畅奶瓶

参考文献
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  23. Lothe L, Lindberg T. Cow's milk whey protein elicits symptoms of infantile colic in colicky formula-fed infants: a double-blind crossover study. Pediatrics. 1989;83:262–266.
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最后修改日期 : 2009-02-12

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