疾病自然疗法

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镰状细胞病自然疗法

镰状细胞病 (Sickle cell disease) 是一种遗传性血液病。在正常情况下,红细胞呈圆盘状,具有可变形性。但在患镰状细胞病的病人身上,其红细胞中负责携带氧气的血红蛋白不正常,导致红细胞 “塌陷” 成新月形或镰刀状。

镰状细胞病

这些异常的红细胞非常容易被破坏,从而导致贫血。另外,它们也可能突然聚集,造成体内小血管阻塞,引起所谓的 “镰状细胞危象” (Sickle cell crisis)。若镰状细胞堵塞血管,被堵塞的部分就会缺氧,从而引起剧烈疼痛以及缺氧组织的损害。镰状细胞危象常见的诱因包括吸烟、运动、高海拔、发热、感染、脱水以及在飞机旅行时容易出现的空气中氧含量下降或气压的变化。

医生常用一种称为 “血红蛋白电泳” 的血液检测技术来诊断镰状细胞病。常规的治疗包括治疗相关的贫血、慢性疼痛以及脏器受损等。另外,药物 “羟基尿” 能降低镰状细胞危象的发生。当然,尽可能地避免镰状细胞危象诱发因素也是非常重要的。

常规的自然疗法包括:

  • 锌 (Zinc): 锌对治疗镰状细胞病有几个好处。患镰状细胞病的儿童常常生长发育迟缓,而锌缺乏也会导致生长迟缓。同时有证据提示镰状细胞病患者要比其他人更容易缺乏锌。因此,医学专家建议对患有镰状细胞病的儿童补充锌剂。一项有42例儿童 (年龄在 4~10 岁之间) 参与的对照研究,给参与者补充锌剂 (每天 10mg) 或者安慰剂 (作为对照用),持续一年。结果显示,给予锌剂的儿童比安慰剂组儿童发育得要好。另外,锌还具有稳定镰状细胞病患者红细胞膜的作用,因此,锌剂可能可以用来预防镰状细胞危象。在一项有145例患者参与的双盲研究中,研究人员让参与者服用锌剂或者安慰剂,每天三次,每次 50mg。经过18周的治疗后,锌剂治疗组的病人其镰状细胞危象发生的次数减少了一半。不过锌剂似乎并不能减轻危象发生时的严重程度 (其衡量指标是危象发生时的住院天数)。另外,镰状细胞病还会引起皮肤溃疡。在一项安慰剂对照的临床试验中,每天使用锌剂三次,每次 88mg,治疗12周后能增加溃疡的愈合率。还有一项安慰剂对照研究显示,每天三次,每次服用 25mg 的锌剂,持续三个月,能降低患有镰状细胞病的儿童受其他感染的次数。提醒:锌按照营养的剂量 (即每天 <15mg) 是安全的。若大剂量服用 (每天 >100 mg) 则可能会引起锌中毒。如果必须高量服用,一定要在医生的监测下进行。
  • 锌剂

  • 其他自然治疗方法: 一项小规模双盲试验发现鱼油可能可以减少镰状细胞病患者的疼痛发作次数,这可能与鱼油的抗凝血功能有关。另外,有大量的其他草本制剂和补充剂被提及可能对治疗镰状细胞病有效,包括 α-亚麻酸、β-胡萝卜素、辅酶Q10、叶酸、大蒜、绿茶、硫辛酸、镁、OPCs (低聚原发色素)、漆树、维生素B12、维生素B6、维生素B2、维生素 C 和维生素 E 等,但到目前为止这些治疗的证据还停留在初步研究阶段,尚不完全可靠。
参考文献
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最后修改日期 : 2009-03-23

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