疾病自然疗法

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增强体育比赛的成绩自然疗法

增强体育比赛的成绩

在竞技体育的世界中,哪怕很小的优势也可以使比赛的结果发生巨大的变化。能够加强运动员的力量、速度或者耐力的物质称为强化剂。最有效的强化剂包括兴奋剂、促蛋白合成类固醇以及人生长激素,但是这些药物都是非常危险并且非法的。有很多种天然物质被宣称可以作为合法的强化剂使用,用来改善运动员的表现。下面我们就对这些天然物质的疗效做一些科学的评估:

  • 肌酸 (Creatine): 肌酸是目前最流行和最受推荐的强化剂之一,被宣称能够有效提高运动员的比赛成绩。肌酸是人体中自然存在的一种物质,可以被机体转化为磷酸肌酸 (它是一种可被肌肉直接利用的储备能量),从而在产能过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此从理论上讲,服用肌酸可以增加肌肉中磷酸肌酸的储备、以及使在剧烈运动中被大量消耗的磷酸肌酸得到新的补充,从而使肌肉变得强有力。然而目前的研究发现,肌酸对于体育运动成绩的提高效果有限,并且这种益处还仅仅局限于一些非常特定的运动。一些小规模的双盲试验发现,对于那些需要短时间爆发并且有较长休息间期的运动,肌酸可能确实有助于提高运动员的表现。例如,一项双盲试验研究了32名男女运动员在服用肌酸后的游泳成绩变化。在进行 50米 × 6次,每次中间休息3分钟的游泳比赛中,服用肌酸的男运动员与对照组 (服用安慰剂) 相比,在速度上有了显著的提高。然而在进行 25米 × 10次,每次中间休息1分钟的比赛中,服用肌酸并没有显著的效果。研究人员认为,这些结果显示运动员体内的磷酸肌酸需要较长的运动间歇时间才能得到重新合成。但有趣的是,试验中的女性在上述两种情况下服用肌酸后,其游泳表现丝毫没有得到改善。研究人员认为,这是因为女性本身肌肉组织中的肌酸含量就已经比较高了,再多补充也没用。研究人员还发现,除了反复的、爆发性的运动外,肌酸对那些有赖于肌肉和骨骼强度的运动 (如举重) 可能也有所帮助。相反,对于那些需要耐力和不需反复爆发的有氧运动,肌酸则没有任何益处,比如在跑马拉松的时候,肌酸可能帮不上什么忙。
  • 肌酸

  • 羟甲基丁酸盐 (HMB): HMB 是人体中自然存在的一种物质,它是亮氨酸降解后的产物。亮氨酸在肌肉中的含量非常高。许多小规模双盲试验发现,在举重训练中 HMB 有助于促进肌肉的生长。比如在一项历时3周的研究中,41名年龄介于19至29岁的男性参与者分别服用 HMB 或安慰剂 (作为对照用),其中 HMB 组的参与者又进一步分为两组,一组每天服用 1.5g HMB,另外一组每天服用 3g HMB。所有的参加者每周都进行3天的举重训练。结果显示 HMB 可以增强力量并有助于肌肉生长。
  • 其他被建议的自然疗法: 大多数运动员可能不会缺铁。由于过量的铁对身体会造成损害,因此如果身体不缺铁,就不应再服用含铁补充剂了。然而如果你缺乏这种重要矿物质的话,补铁有助于提高你的体育成绩。初乳 (Colostrum) 是妇女产后第一或第二天产出的乳汁,它包含胰岛素样生长因子和其他多种生长因子,这些生长因子能够促进肌肉的生长。丙酮酸盐 (Pyruvate,又被称作磷酸二羟丙酮) 可以给机体补充丙酮酸 (它在产生和利用能量的过程中起着重要的作用)。虽然丙酮酸盐在改善机体组成方面的证据并不非常充足,目前也没有足够的证据证明丙酮酸盐可以作为一种运动强化剂,但是有很多健身爱好者及运动员服用它。
  • 运动强化剂

在市场上还有很多其他的自然补充剂 (比如人参) 被作为强化剂出售,据传它们可以提高速度、力量和耐力。但目前的大多数证据都显示这些补充剂并没有效用。

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最后修改日期 : 2009-03-23

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