疾病自然疗法
分享&收藏浏览相关专题
疾病引起的消瘦自然疗法

许多人过度贪食以至于得了肥胖症;有些人却食欲不振,因而体重减轻,虽然他们并不想这样。轻微的体重减轻可能是由于胃部不适,例如消化不良和胃动力缺乏。严重的体重减轻可能是因为癌症和化疗治疗、或者患有其它严重疾病,例如艾滋病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、克罗恩病或者充血性心力衰竭等。
对于非意愿性体重减轻的常规疗法主要包括食用浓缩蛋白质保健饮料。然而,对于癌症患者来说,仅仅靠增加营养的摄入可能没有太大作用。这是因为造成癌症患者消瘦的一个根本原因是由癌症引起的一种特殊炎症。因此,对于癌症导致的消瘦可以试用非类固醇消炎药,这已被确认有疗效。
治疗由于疾病引起的体重减轻的自然疗法包括:
- 鱼油:它含有“有益健康的脂肪”Ω-3脂肪酸。Ω-3具有许多潜在的促进健康的好处。如上所述,癌症引起的体重减轻原因包括体内存在炎症,而鱼油刚好有抗炎作用。根据一些(尽管不是所有的)研究,鱼油保健品确有助于癌症患者增加体重。用于治疗癌症引起的体重减轻的典型的鱼油剂量大约为每天12克。
- 其它脂肪:脂肪是一种浓缩的能量,因此对于非意愿性体重下降的人们来说,经常被鼓励多摄入脂肪。对于癌症患者还有一个额外原因需要多摄入脂肪:肿瘤会干扰人体正常的脂肪储存过程,使其效率降低。某些特定的脂肪可能对于纠正这种“脂肪缺陷”尤其有用,包括共轭亚油酸(CLA,富含于肉类和乳制品中)、中链甘油三酸酯(MCTs,富含于椰子油和棕榈核油中)以及上面提到的鱼油。
- 蛋白质和氨基酸:因严重疾病导致的体重过度减轻的患者可能需要额外的蛋白质。氨基酸是蛋白质的最基本的组成单元,因此它们比蛋白质更容易消化吸收。某些氨基酸保健品已经表明在治疗癌症恶病质相当有用。其中的一种就是支链氨基酸 (BCAA) 组合,它包含了白氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸三种成分。在一项双盲试验中,研究人员把28位因癌症导致食欲不振的患者分为两组,一组患者服用支链氨基酸(BCAA),另外一组服用无效的安慰剂。他们发现:服用支链氨基酸(每天4.8g)的患者中,有55%的人食欲及体重有所提高,而服用安慰剂的患者中,只有16%的的人食欲体重有所提高。对于癌症或者艾滋病引起的体重减轻,使用含有精氨酸、谷氨酸和鸟氨酸α-酮戊二酸盐的 OKG 配方也有一定的疗效。
- 抗氧化剂:一些抗氧化剂,尤其是硫辛酸 (Lipoic acid) 和乙酰基半胱氨酸 (N-acetyl cysteine),也被发现对于癌症或者艾滋病引起的体重减轻具有一些疗效。
- 苦味草药:对于治疗轻微的、暂时性的食欲不振,一些苦味草药, 例如龙胆 (Gentian) 和啤酒花 (Hops) 等, 有一定的效果。


参考文献
- Mantovani G, Macciò A, Massa E, et al. Managing cancer-related anorexia/cachexia. Drugs. 2001;61:499-514.
- Bruera E, Strasser F, Palmer JL, et al. Effect of fish oil on appetite and other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and anorexia/cachexia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:129-134.
- Barber MD. Cancer cachexia and its treatment with fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplementation. Nutrition. 2001;17:751-755.
- Tisdale MJ, Dhesi JK. Inhibition of weight loss by omega-3 fatty acids in an experimental cachexia model. Cancer Res. 1990;50:5022-5026.
- Yang M, Cook ME. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid decreased cachexia, macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, and modifies splenocyte cytokines production. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003;228:51-58.
- Tisdale MJ, Brennan RA. A comparison of long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model. Br J Cancer. 1988;58:580-583.
- Inui A. Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: current issues in research and management. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002;52:72-91.
- De Bandt JP, Cynober LA. Amino acids with anabolic properties. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1998;1:263-272.
- Brocker P, Vellas B, Albarede J, et al. A two-centre, randomized, double-blind trial of ornithine oxoglutarate in 194 elderly, ambulatory, convalescent subjects. Age Aging. 1994;23:303-306.
- Coudray-Lucas C, Le Bever H, Cynober L, et al. Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate improves wound healing in severe burn patients: a prospective randomized double-blind trial versus isonitrogenous controls. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:1772-1776.
- Cynober LA. The use of alpha-ketoglutarate salts in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999;2:33-37.
- Donati L, et al. Nutritional and clinical efficacy of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate in severe burn patients. Clin Nutr. 1999;18:307-311.
- Neu J, DeMarco V, Li N. Glutamine: clinical applications and mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002;5:69-75.
- Reynolds TM. The future of nutrition and wound healing. J Tissue Viability. 2001;11:5-13.
- Yoshida S, Kaibara A, Ishibashi N, Shirouzu K. Related Articles, Links. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients. Nutrition. 2001;17:766-768.
- Beale R, Bryg D, Bihari D. Immunonutrition in the critically ill: A systematic review of clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:2799-2805.
- May PE, Barber A, D'Olimpio JT, et al. Reversal of cancer-related wasting using oral supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine. Am J Surg. 2002;183:471-479.
- Shabert JK, Winslow C, Lacey JM, et al. Glutamine-antioxidant supplementation increases body cell mass in AIDS patients with weight loss: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Nutrition. 1999;15:860-864.
- Clark RH, Feleke G, Din M, et al. Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000;24:133-139.


